Final Exam: Details

Take the Exam today! (wednesday) Its your last chance!

Final Exam
-somewhat Comprehensive
--But... Only objective! No Essay!
-80% new material (since midterm 2)
-20% old material (beginning to midterm 2)
--Mostly application type questions
-worth 250 points

Exam dates: Dec 16th, and 18-20.
- The American Heritage final exam will be in the testing center the first four days of finals ONLY. Saturday the 16th, and Monday Dec 18th to Wednesday 20th.

Good luck everyone. Remember Karma. I take my notes on my laptop and do a blog- easy. Maybe in the future you'll publish your notes on the web and it helps me.

The setting is Ohio State University about six or seven years ago in a huge lecture hall (approximately 1000 students) for a Calculus final.

Apparently this particular calculus teacher wasn't very well liked. He was one of those guys who would stand at the front of the class and yell out how much time was remaining before the end of a test, a real charmer.

Since he was so busy galavanting around the room making sure that nobody cheated and that everyone was aware of how much time they had left before their failure on the test was complete, he had the students stack the completed tests on the huge podium at the front of the room. This made for quite a mess, remember there were 1000 students in the class.

During this particular final, one guy entered the test needing a decent grade to pass the class. His only problem with Calculus was that he did poorly when rushed, and the lecturer standing in the front of the room, barking out how much time was left before the tests had to be handed in, didn't help him at all.

He figured he wanted to assure himself of a good grade, so he hardly flinched when the professor said, "Pencils down and submit your scantron sheets and work to piles at the front of the room".

Five minutes turned into ten, ten into twenty, twenty into fourty, and almost an hour after the test was 'officially over', our friend finally put down his pencil, gathered up his work, and headed to the front of the hall to submit his final. The whole time, the professor had been sitting at the front of the room, strangely waiting for the student to complete his exam.

"What do you think you're doing?" the professor asked as the student stood in front of him about to put down his exam on one of the neatly stacked piles of exams. It was clear that the professor had waited only to give the student a hard time.

"Turning in my exam," retorted the student confidently.

"I'm afraid I have some bad news for you," the profesor gloated, "Your exam is an hour late. You've failed it and, consequently, I'll see you next term when you repeat my course."

The student smiled slyly and asked the professor "Do you know who I am?"

"What?" replied the professor grufly, annoyed that the student showed no sign of emotion.

The student rephrased the question mockingly, "Do you know what my name is?"

"No", snarled the professor.

The student looked the professor dead in the eyes and said slowly, "I didn't think so." He lifted up one of the stacks half way, shoved his test neatly into the center of the stack, let the stack fall burying his test in the middle, turned around, and walked casually out of the huge lecture hall.

Worst analogies used in a high school essay

# "They lived in a typical suburban neighborhood with picket fences that resembled Nancy Kerrigan's teeth."

# "John and Mary had never met. They were like two hummingbirds who had also never met."

# "He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.

A professor was giving a big test one day to his students. He handed out all of the tests and went back to his desk to wait. Once the test was over, the students all handed the tests back in. The professor noticed that one of the students had attached a $100 bill to his test with a note saying "A dollar per point." The next class the professor handed the tests back out. This student got back his test and $56 change.

A visitor to a certain college paused to admire the new Hemingway Hall that had been built on campus.

"It's a pleasure to see a building named for Ernest Hemingway," he said.

"Actually," said his guide, "it's named for Joshua Hemingway. No relation."

The visitor was astonished. "Was Joshua Hemingway a writer, also?"

"Yes, indeed," said his guide. "He wrote a check."

Final: my Study guide

I didn't get an official study guide. If there is one, could someone post it on here as a comment.

Also I elaborate on just about every point in my notes. I ordered the following topic list by date from most recent to least recent. Also this only has material since the 2nd exam.

Virtue vs Structure

Microcredit

With great freedom comes great good as well as great evil.

Dell theory of conflict prevention.

offshoring- outsourcing

------------------------------------------------------
understand 3 types of justice:
Criminal Justice
Social Justice
Economic Justice

[i will expand on them]

Criminal Justice:
-----
Aspects of Criminal Justice in the Founding
-Declaration of Independence
-Constitution
-Bill of Rights

Aspects of Criminal Justice in the Founding
.Declaration of Independence
-*king george "has obstructed justice by refusing his assent to laws establishing judiciary powers"
---he prevent laws coming that would make criminals pay, by changing laws etc.
--"depriving us of ... trial by jury"
--"transporting us beyond seas and trying us for pretended offenses"
---the accused were shipped to england to be tried

.Constitution
-Article 1, Section 8 and 9:
-*They have abilities to make laws as to what is crime
-*Congress forbids the suspension of Habeas Corpus
---Habeas Corpus- a person can't be held in jail (after being arrested) for a long time without a trial
-*No ex post facto laws
-*No bills of Attainder
---bill of Attainder- a written document that singles out an individual or group of individuals and punishes them without trial
---means people being punished immediately without a fair trial
---trial by jury in state which crime has been committed

.Bill of Rights (Amendments 4-8)
-*4 Prohibits search and seizure without warrant and probably cause
-*5 Indictment of a grand jury
---Double jeopardy prohibited
---Forced self-incrimination
---Right to due process
-*6 Right to a speedy and public trial
---Impartial Jury
---Right to be informed of crime
---Right to be contronted by the witnesses against him
---Right to have power to compel witness in his defense
---Right to have legal counsel
-*7 Right to trial by jury (for cases that exceed $20)
-*8 Prohibites excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

Modern Criminal Justice
Gideon v. Wainwright
-Gideon is poor, 1963, accused of stealing food from pool hall vending machine
-no evidence against gideon, wainwright sues him
-gideon too poor to hire a lawyer
--judge: right to lawyer only applies in federal cases
--gideon decides to defend himself, and he loses
--in jail: he studies law
--he learns his right to a lawyer
---Appealed to the Supreme Court (means a new trial)
----6th amendment rights violated
----denied due process
--supreme court overturns his conviction
Significance:
--Supreme Court establishes the right to a lawyer in state AND federal cases
--It shifts the justice system to say the federal courts have more power than state courts

Miranda v. Arizona 1966
-miranda a guy accused of rape, kidnapping, robbery
-pressured until confessed to the crime
-case overturned by supreme court
--violated of constitution's ban on self-incrimination
-they try him again,
-retried without confession... still guilty
-aside: miranda killed in a bar fight, assailant arrested, read his "miranda warning"
Significance
-Establishes Miranda Rights, applies to all people, regardless of who you are
-not forced to testify against themselves

Social Justice
-----
Equality of Opportunity vs Equality of Result
-Approaches to Equality of Opportunity
--13th, 14th, 15th amendments
--said former slaves are citizens
--door of opportunity was opened
--yet in many cases these rights were not secured
---could not vote, certain motels, certain restaurants
-Instead of just opening doors of opportunities (which doesn't always work) we have to ensure equality of result

Equality of result: FDR- New Deal
-Curb farm overproduction through crop rotation, destruction of surpluses to force up prices
-allow industries to form cartels(monopolies), set prices at profitable levels
-guarantee workers a living wage
-guarantee the unemployed jobs or provide welfare provided. Pensions for aged and sick.
-regulate advertisement, business, politics, public utilities, Wall Street
-provide regional development for poverty-ridden sectors (TVA).

Equality of opportunity- opening a door
-example: women could vote after 1920, the door was opened for them (didn't equalize result but it opened the door)

Affirmative Action

Political Correctness

Economic Justice:
-----
Taxes
-rich should pay more money than the poor (they wanted to do more than flat tax)
-Income Tax -> changed to progressive income tax
-Progressive Income Tax- means the rich pay a higher percentage of tax than the poor

Economic Justice: Free Market vs. Government Intervention

Free market Benefits
-efficiency
-innovation
-creation of new jobs
--economic growth

Free market Costs
-ignores injustice
-rewards productivity, not morality

Govt Intervention Benefits
-can address injustice or suffering indirectly
-protection from unfair competition
-subsidizes valuable but unprofitable products/jobs

Govt Intervention Costs
-Inefficiency
-creates dependency
-does not reward productivity > economic decline
------------------------------------------------------

[the rest of this stuff I won't expand on, check out my nodes for details]

Understand:

Jim Crow Laws
lynching
"Separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v Ferguson, 1896

-Resistance to African American voting
--literacy test
--poll taxes
--harassment

know plessy v ferguson
know emmitt till
know rosa parks
know dr martin luther king jr
understand how martin luther king's approach differed from black panthers approach

know Brown v Board of Education of Topeka

Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., March on Washington, 1963

Government Action:
Civil Rights Act, 1964
Voting Rights Act, 1965

be able to explain why:
cold war was the 'bad war' for the usa
WWII was the 'good war' for the usa

understand these issues
Isolationism vs Moral Leadership
Freedom vs Tyranny
Democracy vs Totalitarianism
Capitalism vs. Communism
Imperialism vs Police Power

know manifest destiny

monroe doctrine

FDR's 4 freedoms:
Freedom of Speech
Freedom to Worship
Freedom from want [see slides]
Freedom from Fear

understand FDR's new deal,

understand keynesian economics

understand brain trust

New Deal Economic Regulations
------
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC)
Fair Labor Standards Act
Social Security

Free-market vs Government intervention

know the significance of the depression
and its causes

political machines

the gilded age

progressive impulse:
populism, direction, leaders, manifestation
progressivism, direction, leaders, manifestation

Economic Reforms:
Sherman anti-trust act, 1890
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Federal Reserve System ("the Fed")
Food and Drug Administration(FDA)
State-level regulations

know amendments 16 and 17

understand 'externalities'

Market Weaknesses in a Changing World
-Monopoly Power
-Economic Instability
-Economic Injustice

Final: MEDIA CLIPS

MEDIA CLIPS since the second midterm

Dec 13, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: clip of people breaking liquor cabinets in a store
-stop poisoning our neighborhoods
-african american born converts islamic vandalize stores
-trashing alcohol racks with bats

MEDIA CLIP: Sean Hannity
-immigrant muslim owned businesses trashed by vandals with bats,
-because they want them to stop selling alcohol, polluting the community
-hannity and colmes discussing against
-New Black Panther Nation- Quanell X defending their actions
-Quanell X understand these people, what they did and why.

Quanell X says that merchant dealing a death drug to our community, he has a responsibility to deal with himself. If he doesn't the community must deal with him.
These business selling alcohol, cigarettes, pornography.

Is it okay for us to go in and burn the businesses down?

MEDIA CLIP: virtue and structure: steve mariotti
-This clip illustrates how both structure and virtue influence mix
-ny cities worst high school
-man left import/export business to teach at it
-man asked why are you giving me flack, was there ever a time i told you something valuable
-one guy said the only time you only had value to us is how to told us about your import/export business
-man changed his way of teaching, started talking about making money
-former students running sporting goods stores, hot dog stands, music business
-they all thank their high school business teacher
-capitalism opens up opportunities for the people at the bottom of the ladder to move up
-capitalism is opportunity

MEDIA CLIP: Mohammed Yunus
-first bangladeshi to win the nobel prize
-microcredit a simple idea
-he founded Grameen Bank to supply microcredit
-lend money to people who have nothing
-give them a chance to start a business
-needs to collateral
-average loan $130 dollars, most loans go to women
-99% of loans have been repaid
-1.4 million dollars of nobel prize money to be used for microcredit
-small loans to people who didn't have access to loans ever before

MEDIA CLIP: unitus
-another nonprofit organization using principles of microcredit
-ties to BYU and mohammed Yunus
-for 1000s of years, how can we fight poverty, why is it still so prevalent in the world
-what can we do? what can I do?
-man: at first i thought the poor lacked work ethic
-well shame on me, these people work incredible hard
-if they don't their children will die
-what the poor lack is opportunity
-there are millions of poor people who have no access to financial services
-not 'the' solution, but 'a' solution
-helping the poor to help themselves
-it is not a welfare handout
-it is credit- access to financial capital
-not a gift but a loan- microfinance- microcredit
-from bolivia to bangladesh
-organizations lend, and pay back loans with interest
-first loan $35 dollars

we're talking about very small amounts of money
for a loan of $50 dollars someone can buy a water buffalo then they can start sending their kid to school

letting them into the market system, open the door of opportunity

MEDIA CLIP: [audio] John F Kennedy's inaugural address 1961
-in the long history of the world only a few generations have been granted the role of defending the freedom of this country...
-i welcom this role, i don't think any of us would exchange roles with anyone in any other generation
-ask not what your country can do for you... but what you can do for your country

the government has provided a marvelous structure, constitution, declaration of independence
structure- what the government does for us

MEDIA CLIP: [audio] ronald reagan inaugural address (20 years after JFK)
-let us renew our determination, faith hope...
-we have every right to dream heroic dreams
-you can see heroes every day, in factories, farms
-entrepreneurs create new jobs, new wealth and new opportunity
-heroes whose gifts support arts, education, churches
-their values support our national life
-'they and their' could be replace with 'you and yours' because you are the heroes
-your dreams and hopes will be the dreams and hopes of this administration

Dec 11, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: ethics, news clip
-74% of american students cheat on exam
-93% say they lie
-30% have stolen from a store
-interview with student caught in cheating scandal
-9 students involved, a teacher knew
-student did not regret cheating
-opposition: cheating is wrong, this is chilling

America: anyone can do what they want to do, it doesn't really hurt anyone.
Why wouldn't you cheat on your husband?

MEDIA CLIP: Dan Rather and Bill O'Reilly
-o'reilly: do you think bill clinton is an honest man?
-rather: I think at the core he is an honest person, yet lie about a number of things

there is this increasing turn towards moral relativism

MEDIA CLIP: John Kelly
-Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are expecting a baby, isn't it great

but they are unmarried. many people think that this is perfectly acceptable and it doesn't hurt anyone.

MEDIA CLIP: pornography a class
-Dr. Laura against the course
-courses are being offered on pornography at certain academic institutions
-studying pornography etc.
-students required to create a work of pornography for their final work of art
-no students had complained
-Dr. Laura: not silent
-pornography being mainstreamed as academic content

MEDIA CLIP: US high school student vs Chinese high school student
-Carol school 5:30am-6:40pm
-carols subjects- math physics chemistry
-emily- many students don't like physics and sciences
-carol- active, sports etc
-chinese know their pop culture
-another student studies in usa and has more opportunities in china so he is going back
-american kids are more independent than chinese kids
-creative types like emily will be in demand
-emily has the luxury of creative freedom
-more people are studying english in china than speak english in the usa

MEDIA CLIP: changing face of usa
-70% hispanic
-1/5 children in america are hispanic
-35 mexican restaurants in topeca
-2000 $504 billion hispanic buy power
-2004 $686 billion hispanic buy power
-2009 $992 billion hispanic buy power
-spanish newspapers are booming
-a community growing in cultural and political influence
-in iowa police officers must learn spanish
-in illinois there are more hispanic members of population than new mexico or arizona

Dec 6, 2006

MEDIA CLIP: college admissions
-students race can be considered in college admissions
-but not in a fixed or numbers system
-racial diversity is important to life

Affirmative Action
-important for college admission?
-ethnic diversity from military leadership
-diversity important to college education

MEDIA CLIP: affirmative action
-supreme court, seattle and louisville kentucky
-deals with quotas
-schools using race to dessegregation
-discrimination against white, and against black
-people ought to be treated as individuals

MEDIA CLIP: taxes- 2 perspectives
-"no one has been hurt by the tax cut" it paid for itself through economic growth
-other guy said 'no one can show that a tax cut can help the economy', deficit has grown
-tax bill- taxes cut for the most well off
-'tax relief works best when its pointed at the people who need it most'

MEDIA CLIP: greed or self-interest
-greed inspires people around the world to work together
-steak source: ranchers work hard for themselves not for people who eat stake
-gas provider, slaughterhouse workers, safety inspector, truck drivers
-1000s of people have to work together to get the food for market
-they cooperate to make it happen, for self-interest
-free market operates on self-interest

MEDIA CLIP: walmart clip
-flashpoint to controversy
-walmart, some people hate walmart, discriminates, hurts economy
-people say they put profits before people
-ted turner called greed- ambition

Dec 4, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: black boy, emmitt till
-emmitt till, from north usa went to visit friends in southern usa
-coming out of store whistled at a white woman, they found his mutilated body a few days later
-beat, mutilated, shot through the head
-mom insisted open casket funeral to show the world what they did to his boy
-woman's husband and husband's half-brother arrested for murder
-defense found: body found could not be identified as emmitt till & it could have been anyone
-prosecution star witness kept out of state
-trial ended, jury (made up of white men) found the men not guilty
-later, they were both found guilty (both men confessed)

MEDIA CLIP: lynchings
-racist
-kkk came back to life
-justified on the basis of protecting white women from black sexual molestation
-the house of reps, tried to outlaw lynchings 3 times
-the senate blocked it every time by filibuster
-later on public apology, from senate

MEDIA CLIP: Rosa Parks 1955
-taking a stand by sitting down
-Rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus in montgomery
-parks was arrested for violating segregation laws
-boycott lasted 381 days, resulting in integrated busing on montgomery
-she became known as the mother of the civil rights movement
-nonviolent, nonthreatening

a black person giving up a seat to a white person implies superiority (white superior)

Nov 29, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: torture
-Bush says we do not torture
-McCain puts a law banning torture for all american agencies
-Bush says he will veto any law saying "no torture" that does exempt the CIA (allowing the CIA to torture)

MEDIA CLIP: bill o'reilly vs michael moore
-moore says bush lied
-o'reilly says imperfect information
-controversy over why did we get into the iraq war

Nov 27, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: 1930s LDS welfare program
-mormon leaders are startled to find out that people would rather take a check from the government than work
-church institutes welfare program
-puts 20,000 people to work and takes them off of government help

MEDIA CLIP: FDR wins another election
-FDR was a popular man because he helped people find work
-he change the american political landscape
-FDR was a member of the democratic party
-song "we've got money in our hands"

MEDIA CLIP: Brain Trust
-Washington filled with experts
-statisticians, college professors, psychologists, socialogists, mathematicians
-the country wants bold persisent experimentation so the country will get it
-many people started working for the government building bridges etc
-CCC Civilian Conservation Cores puts them in government camps where there is plenty to do

MEDIA CLIP: Private vs public housing
-the government wants to help people, always have good intentions
-spending billions on public housing, broken elevators, rundown houses, no security no locks
-governments keep spending money on public housing but the housing was in crappy
-public housing often in high crime areas
-gives a case study of westchester heights (government owned then became private owned)

why are the apartments cleaner and safer
-business owners realize customers won't pay rent unless they get what they pay for
-virtue vs interest

MEDIA CLIP: Jib Jab: Big Boxmart [view clip here]
-what is wrong with walmart?
-sweatshops overseas because they have to make their products to cheap enough to sell at walmart
-"we used to be your customers now we're your employees"
-"your everyday low prices have a price, they aren't free"

MEDIA CLIP: candy company that went out of business
-a woman lost her job at the Lifesavers candy plant
-kraft closes her plant, her job moves to canada
-kraft cited the high price of sugar as a reason to move
-kraft can save $90 million opening a plant in canada
-us sugar twice as expensive as foreign sugar
-NAFTA makes it easier to open plants in mexico or canada

Nov 20, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: Megasuccessful guy
-chris gardner a guy living in a homeless shelter
-rev. cecil williams ran the homeless shelter
-chris went rags to riches, he bought the ferrari
-he had the ability to work hard and make it happen
-determination

MEDIA CLIP: The Great Depression
-think of the experiences of your parents, grandparents
-something went wrong in the 1930s like a punishment or plague
-turn to families friends and kindness of strangers
-no idea when it would end
-many were being evicted
-private charity overwhelmed
-entire farm economy approached collapse
-800 banks failed in 1931
-no federal safety-net
-america was the only major country without a system of social security
-american communist party gained national recognition

MEDIA CLIP: dust storms in 30s (dust bowl)
-the winds carried rain then dust that wiped out families, homes, farms
-some people became alcoholics
-hundreds of thousands fled
-there was very little help for people
-the federal government made several mistakes in the 30s
-they assumed the california could handle the immigration to california
-CA was overwhelmed by the introduction of 100s of thousands of poor people into these communities
-it setup longstanding hostilities between migrants and longterm residents
-it is like Texas (hurrican katrina) which was already overburdened

MEDIA CLIP:
-spring of 1932 an army of WWI veterans moved on Washington (capital)
-their goal was to claim a bonus for their military service (promised for 1945)
-the veterans kept coming
-the veterans planned to stay in the capital until their bonus became law
-they lived in washington in abandoned buildings, they moved them anacostia where they could close off
-jun 15th the house of representatives passed the bonus bill in the house
-then the senate voted to kill the bill
-the veterans were determined to force the senate to change
-there were 20,000 veterans by now, and 2 months
-the veterans mounted a final protest (a death march)
-congress adjourned without reconsidering the bill
-congress left through underground tunnels
-police ordered to evict the veterans
-then the police opened fire
-army troops in position to clear the area (force
-general macarthur decided to clear the entire city with his armies (instead of just the govt building areas)
-by midnight, anacostia was burning

Nov 15, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: Tammany Hall- a new political organization
-impact on immigrants and other citizens
-Tammany Hall would reach out to new immigrants
-Tammany provided help
--not being able to pay rent
--looking for job
--husband just died
-nothing as famous as tammany hall, leader named Boss Tweed
-superb politician
-shelters for poor, orphanages, etc
-he got people to vote them back into power
-took money from government projects

MEDIA CLIP: American tale
-cartoon, a fat mouse he visited a funeral dead mouse
-he wrote down the name of a dead mouse in his election book

MEDIA CLIP: How factories were run in the progressive era (gilded age)
-the dark side- steel workers worked 12 hours/day
-miners had it worse than steel workers, with explosives and no safety regulations
-when a worker lost an arm he would receive no compensation
-this is now called waged slavery
-new freedom movement rose, called the freedom movement

MEDIA CLIP: American tale again
-child labor
-mouse looks for his family
-gets put into a sweatshop

MEDIA CLIP: Hay market strike
-created labor unions
-most peaceful, some used violence
-August Spies, a violent labor union demonstrator
-police fired and killed 4 workers
-spies compared the revolution to the american revolution
-called for people to arms to fight back
-he rallied more than 3000 workers that day
-380 policemen in the square
-someone threw a bomb at the police
-police started shooting at crowd
-violence at haymarket turn nation against freedom fighters
-Nov 1911, august spees and 3 others were hanged

Nov 13, 2006
MEDIA CLIP: dawn of 1920s
-entering a new era
-after WWI an eagerness to embrace the new
-Number of millionaires jumped 400% in the 1920s
-America was electrified (to cities) with electric power
-Strong economic growth
-Cars, radios, bridges, roads linking country
-Swinging 20s

MEDIA CLIP: "Don't judge too quickly"
-you can't always trust what you see
-Cat, Sauce, and knife on ground

MEDIA CLIP: smokers
-how a 3rd party can be affected by an exchange between a buyer and a seller

MEDIA CLIP: Microsoft
-Microsoft faces anti-trust allegations for its monopoly of the windows operating system
-Bill Gates

MEDIA CLIP: Denver, Colorado in recession
-Recession started in 2001
-1200 layoffs
-denver depends on tourism, but lost 2 billion dollars due to fires
-Denver's budget is funded by sales tax

MEDIA CLIP: Alex Rodriguez coming to New York
-3 sports players at NY combine for $40 million
-supply of pitchers who can pitch like alex rodriguez are few so they can demand large salaries

MEDIA CLIP: Vanderbilt family in North Carolina
-Rich woman in the 1920s feed expensive food for their dogs
-before 1913 there was no income tax
-the rich had cash to spare
-if you have it, flaunt it
-Average millionaire had 40 servants
-Vanderbilt is the most expensive house in the USA
-most people worked 10 hours a day, 6 days a week

MEDIA CLIP: American tale (cartoon)
-depicts american immigration during this period
-there are no cats in america (not bad things)

Dec 13, 2006: Last Day

OUTLINE

Final Day 
 
I.  The Problem and Promise of freedom 
  A.  The Problem: Freedom allows great evil 
  B.  The Promise:  Freedom allows great good 
 
II.  Structure and virtue 
  A.  Govt provides structure that allows the commercial 
      republic to flourish 
  B.  Govt. intervention available for hard cases, injustice 
  C.  Need for moral leadership, individual virtue 
 
III. American exceptionalism revisited: 
  A.  America should be in the business of exporting hope 
  B.  Classical definition of citizenship:  rights and     
      virtue, or responsibility

Announcements

- The American Heritage final exam will be in the testing center the first four days of finals ONLY. Saturday the 16th, and Monday Dec 18th to Wednesday 20th.

- Teacher Evaluations are currently available (until Friday, Dec 15th) through Route Y, please take time to fill them out for Dr. Pulsipher

- TA Evaluations will be available Tuesday through Friday this week (Dec. 12-15) through the American Heritage website (fhss.byu.edu/amhtg), please take the time to fill them out for your TA (even if you have previously done so).

- See local government in action. Come to a Provo City Town Hall meeting. Thursday, December 14th at 12:00pm in the Garden Court, WSC. The mayor will be discussing issues that are pertinent to BYU students.

LECTURE NOTES

The Impact of the Founding today

The Problem and Promise of Freedom
-the problem: Freedom allows great evil
-the promise: Freedom allows great good

MEDIA CLIP: clip of people breaking liquor cabinets in a store
-stop poisoning our neighborhoods
-african american born converts islamic vandalize stores
-trashing alcohol racks with bats

MEDIA CLIP: Sean Hannity
-immigrant muslim owned businesses trashed by vandals with bats,
-because they want them to stop selling alcohol, polluting the community
-hannity and colmes discussing against
-New Black Panther Nation- Quanell X defending their actions
-Quanell X understand these people, what they did and why.

Quanell X says that merchant dealing a death drug to our community, he has a responsibility to deal with himself. If he doesn't the community must deal with him.
These business selling alcohol, cigarettes, pornography.

Is it okay for us to go in and burn the businesses down?

Tom Paine author of common sense makes a statement about this.
[see slides for quote]

if we don't want these businesses in our community, what is an action that we can take within the bounds of the law?
[discussion]
-lobby
-in oregon that happened, a porn store opened near my house, our community petitioned, we failed but this is how it ought to be done.
-you can picket and protest
-you can raise taxes (sin taxes) taxes on alcohol, cigarettes, pornography etc
-you can boycott (let the market system operate) (money talks)

these solutions people proposed are both structural (government) and virtuous (people's choices and actions)

as we become an increasingly tolerant and secular society, the government becomes less and less likely to step in.

Last money I wanted to show a clip, about green initiatives to show in class. but youtube.com was blocked. youtube has great good as well as great bad.

Colleges help you transition to adulthood, and BYU protected us from seeing youtube.com acting 'in local parentus' in place of parent.

We have great freedom in our economic lives as well. The government can step in to protect injustice. Beyond criminal law, we still have great freedom to do good and bad for our communities.

MEDIA CLIP: virtue and structure: steve mariotti
-This clip illustrates how both structure and virtue influence mix
-ny cities worst high school
-man left import/export business to teach at it
-man asked why are you giving me flack, was there ever a time i told you something valuable
-one guy said the only time you only had value to us is how to told us about your import/export business
-man changed his way of teaching, started talking about making money
-former students running sporting goods stores, hot dog stands, music business
-they all thank their high school business teacher
-capitalism opens up opportunities for the people at the bottom of the ladder to move up
-capitalism is opportunity

mariotti teaches how the structure works. one of the nice things about the usa is the business opportunities. blended effect of stucture (free market economy) and virtue (putting his ideas to practice to teach others)

the problem: the market takes no interest in producing goods that are not profitable
the solution: government and/or individual virtue

Government may have to step in with structure, or individuals have to step in with virtue

The free market economy does not care too much about, but we value
-the arts- mostly not profitable
-copies of the book of mormon- produced by church
-student with type 1 diabetes- big market for taking care of diabetes, small market for curing it
-hybrid vehicles- not popular at first, governments give tax breaks for hybrid vehicles

Valuable commodities that the free market structure will not do much about (govt structure, or individual virtue is the answer)
["A happy family is an HIV free family" picture, 15% rate of HIV in kenya]
[alpha joy children's home, orphanage in kenya, parents died due to aids]
-is there a market for orphanages?
-do i value human life not just locally, but worldwide

The Gates foundation's grand challenges in global health
-Asked: what are the biggest challenges in worldwide healthcare
-Pledged: to invest 250 million dollars in solutions
-received 1600 proposals from 75 countries

they are able to target specific areas of need by only giving money to certain areas

Biggest challenges:
-How to create single-dose vaccines that can be given soon after birth
-How to make vaccines that don't require refrigeration
-Needle-free delivery system
-How to better understand which immunological responses provide immunity
-better insect control
-how to incapacitate a disease-carrying insect population
-how to get more nutrients from a single staple food
-how to cure chronic infections

best health-care system in the world is a mother

they have given 7 billion dollars away so far (virtuous)

Blending the strengths of structure and virtue
-Microcredit
--Mohammed Yunus of Grameen Bank, 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner
--Unitus, Utah-based nonprofit microcredit lender(unitus.com)

MEDIA CLIP: Mohammed Yunus
-first bangladeshi to win the nobel prize
-microcredit a simple idea
-he founded Grameen Bank to supply microcredit
-lend money to people who have nothing
-give them a chance to start a business
-needs to collateral
-average loan $130 dollars, most loans go to women
-99% of loans have been repaid
-1.4 million dollars of nobel prize money to be used for microcredit
-small loans to people who didn't have access to loans ever before

MEDIA CLIP: unitus
-another nonprofit organization using principles of microcredit
-ties to BYU and mohammed Yunus
-for 1000s of years, how can we fight poverty, why is it still so prevalent in the world
-what can we do? what can I do?
-man: at first i thought the poor lacked work ethic
-well shame on me, these people work incredible hard
-if they don't their children will die
-what the poor lack is opportunity
-there are millions of poor people who have no access to financial services
-not 'the' solution, but 'a' solution
-helping the poor to help themselves
-it is not a welfare handout
-it is credit- access to financial capital
-not a gift but a loan- microfinance- microcredit
-from bolivia to bangladesh
-organizations lend, and pay back loans with interest
-first loan $35 dollars

we're talking about very small amounts of money
for a loan of $50 dollars someone can buy a water buffalo then they can start sending their kid to school

letting them into the market system, open the door of opportunity

Is america different from the rest of the world?
It has always been a place of hope?

America became a vast middle class at first, they had great mobility on the economic barrier depending on their actual work and performance

Where you have 'hope' you have a middle class
the 'capitalist' revolution in china is creating a middle class

MEDIA CLIP: [audio] John F Kennedy's inaugural address 1961
-in the long history of the world only a few generations have been granted the role of defending the freedom of this country...
-i welcom this role, i don't think any of us would exchange roles with anyone in any other generation
-ask not what your country can do for you... but what you can do for your country

the government has provided a marvelous structure, constitution, declaration of independence
structure- what the government does for us

virtue- what we do for each other, communities, homes, nation, world-wide etc.

MEDIA CLIP: [audio] ronald reagan inaugural address (20 years after JFK)
-let us renew our determination, faith hope...
-we have every right to dream heroic dreams
-you can see heroes every day, in factories, farms
-entrepreneurs create new jobs, new wealth and new opportunity
-heroes whose gifts support arts, education, churches
-their values support our national life
-'they and their' could be replace with 'you and yours' because you are the heroes
-your dreams and hopes will be the dreams and hopes of this administration

inspiring... he takes ordinary things, running a business, volunteering in the community or at a school

a good country needs not just structure but virtue

in the media we hear bad news, every so often we hear good news, good news that emphasize virtue

3 stories of virtue:

1. a story of a soldier of iraq, he threw himself onto a landmine that was about to go off to protect the rest in his company.
2. a woman called in to a talk show who was pregnant with a condition 'ammensephaly?' (no brain), this woman was carrying the baby to full term even though she knew it would die at birth, the babies organs could be harvested and given to other babies who are in need. a wonderful example of sacrifice (carrying a baby to term that she knew would die instead of aborting it)
3. from the ensign, a woman chose the fastest line at the grocery line, she saw an old woman trying to pay for groceries with insufficient welfare funds, and she saw another woman behind paid for her groceries

Dec 11, 2006

OUTLINE

American in a Flat World

I. The Moral Dimension
  A. The Legacy of the Cold War
    1. US: Moral leader of hypocrite
  B. The problem with freedom
    2. The US as the "Great Satan"
    
II. The Economic Dimension
  A. World resources and the law of supply and demand
    1. Outsourcing
    2. Industrialization
  B. The Problem of Immigration
  
III. The Question of War
  A. The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention
  B. Open Sourcing the bomb?

LECTURE NOTES

American in a Flat World

The Legacy of the Cold War

US: Moral leader or hypocrite?
-Is the US motivated by virtue or self-interest

"Coca-colonization"
Anti-american sentiment

There was an issue recently with Euro-disney and the france government, many people didn't want the americanization, they had to meet the demands of the locals.

The Problem with Freedom: Liberty vs License
-The triumph of tolerance in modern America

In america there has been an increasing turn towards relativism or tolerance
America is a free country
There is a dark side of liberty- license- licensious there is no moral guidelines
We think that people can do what they want

The rest of the world imports our movies, music etc. They use these to interpret businesses.

Personal experience: flight on chinese airlines, saw a movie about a virtuous peasant woman, lazy husband, she started a business growing green peppers, then everyone grew them, they were all prosperous, and it inspired her husband not to be lazy in china. China says this is what we are like in china, virtuous and hard working. On the way back we saw LA Confidential, about the corruption of police in LA in the 40s and 50s. US portrays itself like this.

MEDIA CLIP: ethics, news clip
-74% of american students cheat on exam
-93% say they lie
-30% have stolen from a store
-interview with student caught in cheating scandal
-9 students involved, a teacher knew
-student did not regret cheating
-opposition: cheating is wrong, this is chilling

America: anyone can do what they want to do, it doesn't really hurt anyone.
Why wouldn't you cheat on your husband?

I found out a student had cheated in american heritage. If you are dishonest in one area of life what will stop you from being dishonest in another.

MEDIA CLIP: Dan Rather and Bill O'Reilly
-o'reilly: do you think bill clinton is an honest man?
-rather: I think at the core he is an honest person, yet lie about a number of things

there is this increasing turn towards moral relativism

MEDIA CLIP: John Kelly
-Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes are expecting a baby, isn't it great

but they are unmarried. many people think that this is perfectly acceptable and it doesn't hurt anyone.

MEDIA CLIP: pornography a class
-Dr. Laura against the course
-courses are being offered on pornography at certain academic institutions
-studying pornography etc.
-students required to create a work of pornography for their final work of art
-no students had complained
-Dr. Laura: not silent
-pornography being mainstreamed as academic content

The idea some have is that its all okay as long as its not going to hurt people. But this is wrong.

However cheaing does hurt people, dishonesty does hurt people, pornography does hurt people.

With freedom there is tremendous good, but with freedom there is also tremendous evil.

Other societies have governmental restricted.
-in middle eastern countries you can't watch r rated movies etc.

America's reputation in the Islamic world:
-The Great Satan
-US as the embodiment of the evils of a liberal democracy

Because the US exports immoral movies, and music, it is easy for america to be depicted as evil, or as the great satan.

My favorite movie is Babe, because it makes me good to feel alive. Its great when people are good to each other. Many movies inspire us. Its a Wonderful Life. Beautiful Mind. Star Wars. Glory Road. Life is Beautiful. Remember the Titans.

There are many movies out there you wouldn't want to represent you. In a society that operates on a free market, our money and actions speak. We can actually go out and make movies if we don't like whats out there.

America in a Flat World: economic dimension
-World resouces and the law of supply and demand
--outsourcing
--industrialization

one of the issues in a flat world is that internationalism interacts with governments

China a good subject for the our discussion

MEDIA CLIP: US high school student vs Chinese high school student
-Carol school 5:30am-6:40pm
-carols subjects- math physics chemistry
-emily- many students don't like physics and sciences
-carol- active, sports etc
-chinese know their pop culture
-another student studies in usa and has more opportunities in china so he is going back
-american kids are more independent than chinese kids
-creative types like emily will be in demand
-emily has the luxury of creative freedom
-more people are studying english in china than speak english in the usa

english is becoming the world's economic language. They are very consciously targeting science and technology, because that is were innovation takes place. In the old world, you didn't have work about smart kids in china or asia taking 'your job' through outsourcing.

Americans need to rachet up their skills if they're going to be able to compete in the world.

Medical clinics will often send their x-rays to india overnight to be read. A lot of work is being outsourced.

The labor still is cheaper in these other countries, but maybe it won't be in the future. Americans need to find niches to make themselves indispensable.

The Impact of industrialization on the environment
-The Kyoto Accord
-The Transformation of 3rd world economies
--30,000 new cars purchased/month in Beijing = high oil prices
--16 out of the 20 most polluted cities in the world are in China

President Bush didn't sign the Kyoto accord because he felt it would stifle economic growth.

Recent studies have looked at both the USA and China
-some say it costs more money to make things in an environmentally safe way
-studies show that recycling and waste limiting can be done in ways that are just as profitable

The Problem of Immigration
-Roy Beck goes around and gives lectures about the potential impact of immigration
-many people think overimmigration is a bad thing

other people think this is a good thing

MEDIA CLIP: changing face of usa
-70% hispanic
-1/5 children in america are hispanic
-35 mexican restaurants in topeca
-2000 $504 billion hispanic buy power
-2004 $686 billion hispanic buy power
-2009 $992 billion hispanic buy power
-spanish newspapers are booming
-a community growing in cultural and political influence
-in iowa police officers must learn spanish
-in illinois there are more hispanic members of population than new mexico or arizona

"It is better to build a road in Michoacan than a wall in Texas"
-Felipe Calderon, President of Mexico

until mexico develops more (world is truly flat), there will be this influx of immigration

thomas friedman, isolation or accommodation [see slides for quote]?

finally the question of war
-the dell theory of conflict prevention
--letting the free market neutralize conflict
--no countries in the same supply chain will ever declare war on each other
--india had conflict with pakistan
--indian company had american company that want to change suppliers due to conflict
--the company sent the message to the prime minister and the conflict was stifled
-opensourcing the bomb

Dec 8, 2006: Lab

OUTLINE

Announcments:
-Review Room is open through Friday next week... 
-final exam review on (thurs and friday)
-hours are 9 to 4

there still is lecture next week, monday and wednesday

Final exam runs first 4 days of exam only!
  : Saturday, Monday, Tues, Wednesday (Dec 16, 18-20)

3 different types of justices:
Social Justice: [lecture]
Economic Justice: [lecture]

today we will talk about Criminal Justice:

1. Founding
2. Modern

When the colonists got together to write the Declaration, and Constitution they included aspects of criminal justice in these documents.

We will be looking at trials, sentences, punishments, and making sure the court system is fair.
We will be looking at criminal due process. (not divorce cases, no crime committed)

Aspects of Criminal Justice in the Founding
-Declaration of Independence
-Constitution
-Bill of Rights

Aspects of Criminal Justice in the Founding

.Declaration of Independence
-*king george "has obstructed justice by refusing his assent to laws establishing judiciary powers"
---he prevent laws coming that would make criminals pay, by changing laws etc.
--"depriving us of ... trial by jury"
--"transporting us beyond seas and trying us for pretended offenses"
---the accused were shipped to england to be tried

.Constitution
-Article 1, Section 8 and 9:
-*They have abilities to make laws as to what is crime
-*Congress forbids the suspension of Habeas Corpus
---Habeas Corpus- a person can't be held in jail (after being arrested) for a long time without a trial
-*No ex post facto laws
-*No bills of Attainder
---bill of Attainder- a written document that singles out an individual or group of individuals and punishes them without trial
---means people being punished immediately without a fair trial
---trial by jury in state which crime has been committed

.Bill of Rights (Amendments 4-8)
-*4 Prohibits search and seizure without warrant and probably cause
-*5 Indictment of a grand jury
---Double jeopardy prohibited
---Forced self-incrimination
---Right to due process
-*6 Right to a speedy and public trial
---Impartial Jury
---Right to be informed of crime
---Right to be contronted by the witnesses against him
---Right to have power to compel witness in his defense
---Right to have legal counsel
-*7 Right to trial by jury (for cases that exceed $20)
-*8 Prohibites excessive bail, fines, or cruel and unusual punishment

Modern Criminal Justice
-We have a huge problem in today's society, due to prejudice
-how people define amendments...
-in early 20th century, 2/3 of people convicted were poor and in minority,
--could be due to judges and jury's bias, fault of the system
-Oversimplification of the justice system

-How do we solve stereotypes, the wealth gap?

14th- reconstruction amendment
--due process, no law can abridge rights of citizens
--can't deny someone equal protection of the laws

Focus on:
-Amendments violated:
-Significance of Court Case

Gideon v. Wainwright
-Gideon is poor, 1963, accused of stealing food from pool hall vending machine
-no evidence against gideon, wainwright sues him
-gideon too poor to hire a lawyer
--judge: right to lawyer only applies in federal cases
--gideon decides to defend himself, and he loses
--in jail: he studies law
--he learns his right to a lawyer
---Appealed to the Supreme Court (means a new trial)
----6th amendment rights violated
----denied due process
--supreme court overturns his conviction
-Significance:
--Supreme Court establishes the right to a lawyer in state AND federal cases
--It shifts the justice system to say the federal courts have more power than state courts


Miranda Rights
--"you have the right to remain silent..."
--"anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law"
--"you have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him present with you while you are being questioned."
--"if you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning, if you wish"
--you can decide at anytime to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements"

Miranda v. Arizona 1966
-miranda a guy accused of rape, kidnapping, robbery
-pressured until confessed to the crime
-case overturned by supreme court
--violated of constitution's ban on self-incrimination
-they try him again,
-retried without confession... still guilty
-aside: miranda killed in a bar fight, assailant arrested, read his "miranda warning"

Significance
-Establishes Miranda Rights, applies to all people, regardless of who you are
-not forced to testify against themselves

Final Exam
-Comprehensive
--But... Only objective! No Essay!
-80% new material
-20% old material
--Mostly application type questions
-worth 250 points

Dec 6, 2006

OUTLINE

The Search for Justice:  Part 2 
 
I.  Justice an American passion 
 A. Social Justice 
 B. Economic Justice 
 C. Criminal Justice 
 
II.  Equal opportunity vs Equality of Result 
  A. The New Deal 
  B.  Modern Approaches to Equality of Result 
    1.  Affirmative Action 
  2.  Political Correctness 
  3.  Redistribution 
 
III.  Economic Justice 
  A.  Free Market vs Government Intervention  
  B.  What is the best way to help the poor?

LECTURE NOTES

Service timecards due in labs this week

Final exam 4days only: Dec 16 (saturday) and 18-20th (mon to wednesday)

----

Today we're going to broaden the civil rights movement:

Social Justice and Economic Justice in the present. You will talk about criminal justice in your labs.

The Search of Justice
-seeking 'the good society'
-fulfilling the founding
-balancing rights and responsibilities (we've talking about this a lot this semester)
--virtue and interest

Equality of Opportunity vs Equality of Result
-Approaches to Equality of Opportunity
--13th, 14th, 15th amendments
--said former slaves are citizens
--door of opportunity was opened
--yet in many cases these rights were not secured
---could not vote, certain motels, certain restaurants
-Instead of just opening doors of opportunities (which doesn't always work) we have to ensure equality of result

Equality of result: FDR- New Deal
-Curb farm overproduction through crop rotation, destruction of surpluses to force up prices
-allow industries to form cartels(monopolies), set prices at profitable levels
-guarantee workers a living wage
-guarantee the unemployed jobs or provide welfare provided. Pensions for aged and sick.
-regulate advertisement, business, politics, public utilities, Wall Street
-provide regional development for poverty-ridden sectors (TVA).

TVA- market didn't cause electricity to be provided to poorer regions, so they established electricity provision projects

Equality of opportunity- opening a door
-example: women could vote after 1920, the door was opened for them (didn't equalize result but it opened the door)

Modern approaches to Equality of Result
-Affirmative Action
-Political Correctness
-Redistribution

School districts,
-black communities had own school, white communities had own school
-so schools tended to be divided on community lines
-so desegregation didn't happen automatically
-they had to encourage desegregation through affirmative action
-instead they did affirmative action, forcing racial diversity in schools
-to 'right a wrong'

MEDIA CLIP: college admissions
-students race can be considered in college admissions
-but not in a fixed or numbers system
-racial diversity is important to life

Affirmative Action
-important for college admission?
-ethnic diversity from military leadership
-diversity important to college education

MEDIA CLIP: affirmative action
-supreme court, seattle and louisville kentucky
-deals with quotas
-schools using race to dessegregation
-discrimination against white, and against black
-people ought to be treated as individuals

Political Correctness
-an approach to language, words have been used in the past in harmful ways to create inequalities between people
-50 years ago a doctor's receptionists could be called 'girls' (even if its a 50 year old woman)
-50 years ago a black man could be called 'boy' (even an 85 year old man)

political correctness said, if you change language and the way that people talked about each other, you can help change the way people think (non-discrimination).

an old phrase to refer to African Americans is 'colored people' used to be okay 50 years ago, but not okay today. now you have to say 'people of color'

U of U- ncaa told utes to change name, the ute tribe ncaa to back off and the U of U's usage was respectful and okay

Social Justice:

Taxes
-rich should pay more money than the poor (they wanted to do more than flat tax)
-Income Tax -> changed to progressive income tax
-Progressive Tax- means the rich pay a higher percentage of tax than the poor

MEDIA CLIP: taxes- 2 perspectives
-"no one has been hurt by the tax cut" it paid for itself through economic growth
-other guy said 'no one can show that a tax cut can help the economy', deficit has grown
-tax bill- taxes cut for the most well off
-'tax relief works best when its pointed at the people who need it most'

Economic Justice: Free Market vs. Government Intervention

Free market Benefits
-efficiency
-innovation
-creation of new jobs
--economic growth

Free market Costs
-ignores injustice
-rewards productivity, not morality

Govt Intervention Benefits
-can address injustice or suffering indirectly
-protection from unfair competition
-subsidizes valuable but unprofitable products/jobs

Govt Intervention Costs
-Inefficiency
-creates dependency
-does not reward productivity > economic decline

adam smith: interest motivates

MEDIA CLIP: greed
-greed inspires people around the world to work together
-steak source: ranchers work hard for themselves not for people who eat stake
-gas provider, slaughterhouse workers, safety inspector, truck drivers
-1000s of people have to work together to get the food for market
-they cooperate to make it happen, for self-interest
-free market operates on self-interest

MEDIA CLIP: walmart clip
-flashpoint to controversy
-walmart, some people hate walmart, discriminates, hurts economy
-people say they put profits before people
-ted turner called greed- ambition

Dec 4, 2006

OUTLINE

AMH 100

The Search for Justice 
Part I:  The Civil Rights Era 
 
I.  The Problem 
 A.  Jim Crow Laws 
 B.  Resistance to African American voting 
    1.  Literacy tests 
    2.  Poll taxes 
    3.  Harassment 
 C.  Lynching 
 
II.  Addressing the Problem 
 A.  Nonviolent protest 
  1.  The NAACP 
  2.  Individual protesters 
  3.  SNCC 
 B.  Violent protest 
  1.  Black Panthers 
  2.  Black Power 
 
III.  Milestones 
  A.  Brown v. Board of Ed. of Topeka, Kansas, 1954 
  B.  Fed. Intervention in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957 
  C.  The March on Washington, 1963 
 
IV.  Government Action 
  A.  The Civil Rights Act, 1964 
  B.  The Voting Rights Act, 1965

LECTURE NOTES

The Problem
-Jim Crow Laws
--any law put in place to enforce segregation between races

A Sampling of Jim Crow Laws
Mississippi: Any person guilty of printing, publishing or circulating matter urging or presenting arguments in favor of social equality or of intermarriage between whites and negroes, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Alabama: It shall be unlawful play together or in company with each other at any game of pool or billiards.

Mississippi: The marriage of a white person with a negro or mulatto or person who shall have one-eighth or more of negro blood, shall be unlawful and void.

Georgia: The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons.


-Resistance to African American voting
--literacy test
--poll taxes
--harassment

-Lynching
--terrible practice where white people killed blacks to intimidate other blacks

---
Segregated public school, Hurlock, Maryland 1935
-"Separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v Ferguson, 1896
-a supreme court ruling that made segregation okay, as long as the two segregations are equal
-(2 segregated but equal schools, 2 segregated but equal railroad cars)

George McLaurin, University of Oklahoma, 1948
-wanted to go to u of oklahoma, so they had to make segregated accomodations for him

Lynching
-2805 people lynched in the 10 southern states, 1882-1930
-2500 of these were African Americans, and 94% of these were killed by white lynch mobs
-lynching of an african american took place on the average of once a week, 1882-1930

MEDIA CLIP: black boy, emmitt till
-emmitt till, from north usa went to visit friends in southern usa
-coming out of store whistled at a white woman, they found his mutilated body a few days later
-beat, mutilated, shot through the head
-mom insisted open casket funeral to show the world what they did to his boy
-woman's husband and husband's half-brother arrested for murder
-defense found: body found could not be identified as emmitt till & it could have been anyone
-prosecution star witness kept out of state
-trial ended, jury (made up of white men) found the men not guilty
-later, they were both found guilty (both men confessed)

MEDIA CLIP: lynchings
-racist
-kkk came back to life
-justified on the basis of protecting white women from black sexual molestation
-the house of reps, tried to outlaw lynchings 3 times
-the senate blocked it every time by filibuster
-later on public apology, from senate

the lower house hot- very responsive to public sentiment, balance
the upper house cold- less responsive, more responsible, balance
negative example of balance

Addressing the Problem

American Civil Rights Movement [link to full article]

Nonviolent protest:
-the national association for the advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
--formed to protest lynching
--formed in 1909 just after reconstruction era
-individual protestors: rosa parks, martin luther king, jr.
-student non-violent coordinating committee SNCC sit-ins, freedom riders, hunger strikes

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes from prison:
ministers in the south agree with luther that lynching is bad, segregation is bad
but want him to stop making a fuss, stop protesting
luther replies in a letter [read it this week]
he says there are 2 ways to protest
1. do nothin
2. violent protest
luther says, 3. non-violent protest

Violent protest:
-the black panthers
-black power

these fought for their own nation, reject government, many violent movements were a nationalist movement

MEDIA CLIP: Rosa Parks 1955
-taking a stand by sitting down
-Rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus in montgomery
-parks was arrested for violating segregation laws
-boycott lasted 381 days, resulting in integrated busing on montgomery
-she became known as the mother of the civil rights movement
-nonviolent, nonthreatening

a black person giving up a seat to a white person implies superiority (white superior)

[photo from slides]
Black Panthers and Police outside NYC courthouse, 1969 trial of Panther 21
-all 21 were found acquitted (not guilty) of trying to blow up NY botanical gardens

Milestones
-Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954
--court case based on segregation
--they focussed their efforts on border states, not in deep south
--focused elementary schools initially, able to capture sympathy better for their cause

the principle of judicial restraint
-you don't want to overturn old rulings, majority rule is sacred
--Separate but equal established by Plessy v Ferguson upheld for so long based on judicial restraint

opposite of judicial restraint is judicial activism
-constitution is a living document, to change with changing times

-Chief justice reversed the Plessy v Ferguson due to personal experience:
--he had a black driver, he visited somewhere in the south, his chauffeur spent the night in the car
--he realized black people had no where to stay
--he worked on the other supreme court justices so there wouldn't be a simple majority, so instead there would be unanimous vote, it happened, overturning Plessy v Ferguson, establishing Brown v Board of Education as new law

reaction to Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
-Tom Brady wrote a pamphlet called Black Monday
-Segregation of amalgamation
-Tom Brady calls for 49th state for african americans, abolition of public schools, nullification of NAACP

-Federal intervention to protect desegragation, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957
--federal troops enforcing desegregation, federal vs state battle (media clip from earlier)
--state government enforced segregation
--Little Rock Nine, first 9 students to attend a public school in little rock

Norman Rockwell 1964 painted a picture of a black girl dressed in white guarded by federal troops on her way to elementary school

Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., March on Washington, 1963
-march in response to lack of stuff being done
-asked for civil rights legislation
-asked for elimination of segregation
-asked for protestors be protected from police
-asked for public works programs to create jobs
-asked for law prohibiting racial discrimination
-asked for $2 hour minimum wage
-asked for self-government for DC
-250,000 people participated in the march (1/4 were black)

Martin Luther,

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream today.

most of this legislation passed by President Kennedy and Johnson

Government Action

Civil Rights Act, 1964
-banned discrimination in public places (restaurants, theaters, public transportation etc)
-equal opportunity in employment
-required equal standards to qualify for voting

Voting Rights Act, 1965
-banned literact test
-federal supervision of some discricts

Dec 1, 2006: Lab

Announcements

Today is the last day you can see your second midterm in the review room which is open until 4 today.

Service cards are due next week.

Outline

A. The Good War
 1. Virtue vs Self Interest
 2. "Winning Cards"
 3. Why "Good" War?
B. The Bad War
 1. Why "Bad" War?

The Cold War (considered bad war by americans) and WWII (considered good war by americans)

Themes
Isolationism vs Moral Leadership
Freedom vs Tyranny
Democracy vs Totalitarianism
Capitalism vs. Communism
Imperialism vs Police Power

Isolationism vs Moral Leadership

-WhenWWII started the USA had a policy of isolationism
-Pearl Harbor attack: Dec 7 1941
-USA still self-interested, entered the war

economic perspectives
-higher wages seen during WWII era, people are able to fund the US government
-there was more money in the economy, WWII overcomes the depression
-much more stimulus into the economy
-there was still anti-war feelings

there was they idea of spies
-people feared spies and leaking intelligence from inside america

April 14, 1942
-Labor force...
--Women
--Latino
--Blanks
-Long Hours, to enable the USA to wage war
--people were okay, because they were united
-also in a bad light- there was discriminating employment

Increased production ('miracles'):
-they went from putting out a ship in 196 days,
-increase production allowed them to produce one in 4 days
-assembly line applied to producing bombers
-technology improvements

inventions: atomic bomb

Turn away from imperialism
-FDR during brotherhood week said "all one family" not "masters and slaves"
-instead of conquering and colonizing enemies they adopt different perspective
-imperialism vs police power

Why was the WWII 'the good war'?
-results: The USA helped rebuild germany and japan instead of totally crushing them [moral leadership]
-WWII was justified morally- defense, fighting nazi-ism
-it was easier to characterize the enemy (japanese, germans) as evil
-the us discouraged imperialism, gave up philipines, encouraged britain to give up india

MEDIA CLIP: Miracle (1980 hockey)
[overview of events through cold war era]
-us invades cambodia
-womens liberation front
-russia wins olympic gold in basketball (negative feelings)
-"i am not a crook"
-NASA -made a trip to moon
-vietnam era
-suez oil crisis
-elvis is dead
-test tube baby
-3 mile island nuclear leaking

The cold war 'the bad war'?
-fear of nuclear winter, worldwide fear
-one of 4 freedoms was: freedom from fear-
-the technology developed isn't one sided
-the arms race of 2 superpowers, space race
-Freedom vs Tyranny
-Democracy vs Totalitarianism
-Capitalism vs. Communism
-fear about the spread of communism in the world
-USA takes a strong police power perspective
-usa gets tangled in to many issues in too many countries
-allies with countries that switch sides
-cold war sparked -Korean War and Vietnam War
-US stuck their nose into these wars as a police power
-korean war ends in stalemate, vietnam war ends in defeat

some people would write america as amerika to demoralize them
this is russia spelling of america